| Wm Wordsworth dies
Tennyson becomes Poet Laureate |
1850 |
Peterborough Railway Bridge opens
Cast iron railway bridge opened in Newcastle Britannia Bridge opens across Menai Straits |
| JMW Turner dies
John James Audubon dies Saltaire construction begun |
1851 |
Great Exhibition
Isaac Singer produces the first sewing machine |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
Great Western Royal Hotel opens in Paddington Kew Waterlily House built Augustus Pugin dies |
1852 |
Physicist Henri Becquerel born |
| Vincent Van Gogh born
Levi Strauss sells jeans to US miners Scarborough market hall Salt’s Mill opens at Saltaire |
1853 |
Smallpox vaccination made compulsory |
| Crimean War » 1856
Battles of Alma, Balaclava and Inkerman
Florence Nightingale arrives at Scutari William West dies |
1854 |
British Medical Association founded |
| Daily Telegraph founded | 1855 |
|
| Ellen Terry appears on stage for the 1st time
End of Crimean War Oscar Wilde born
Sigmund Freud born |
1856 |
|
| 2nd Opium War
Indian Mutiny Victoria and Albert Museum opens “The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands” published |
1857 |
Great Western dismantled
Brunel’s Tamar Bridge Opened |
| The Great Stink – London |
1858 |
Netherton Tunnel opens
Delph “Nine” Locks reconstructed Donati’s Comet |
| John Stuart Mill’s “On Liberty”
George Eliot’s “Adam Bede” Jerome K Jerome born Arthur Conan Doyle born
|
1859 |
Darwin‘s “Origin of Species”
Brunel’s Royal Albert Bridge opens at Saltash I K Brunel dies |
| Abraham Lincoln made US president |
1860 |
British Association for the Advancement of Science meets at OxfordHenry Bessemer patents the converter to make steel from iron |
| Prince Albert dies
Hawley Harvey Crippen born |
1861 |
First horse-drawn trams in London
Daily weather forecasts |
| Henry David Thoreau dies
George Borrow’s “Wild Wales” John Merrick born |
1862 |
|
| Edvard Munch born » 1944
Henri Toulouse-Lautrec born Tom King becomes the first world heavyweight boxing champion |
1863 |
Runcorn Railway Bridge opens
Blackpool North Pier opens Work starts on London |
| Albert Memorial built
Leo Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” Eugene Delacroix (artist) dies Poet John Clare dies in Northampton Asylum |
1864 |
|
| Diamonds discovered in South Africa
Ford Madox Brown’s Work exhibited for the first time Abraham Lincoln assassinated Isabella Beeton dies Joseph Paxton dies |
1865 |
Scarborough Valley Bridge opens
Aberystwyth Pier opens |
| Beatrix Potter born
J W Penfold designs the red pillarbox |
1866 |
Great Eastern lays the first transatlantic cableBrighton West Pier built |
| Lime juice ration becomes a legal requirement in the merchant navy to fight scurvy
Rose’s Lime Juice Cordial first produced by Lauchlan Rose |
1867 |
First bicycle built
Nobel produces dynamite Michael Faraday dies |
| Flogging in peacetime and transporation abolished
Last public execution outside Newgate Prison, London Charles Rennie Mackintosh born (d.1928) |
1868 |
|
| Imprisonment for debt abolished |
1869 |
Suez Canal opens
Cutty Sark launched
Periodic Table of the |
| Charles Dickens dies
1st Dr Barnado’s Home opens |
1870 |
Loughborough gets its first public water supply |
| Stanley finds Livingstone
Bank Holidays introduced Royal Albert Hall opens |
1871 |
Souter Lighthouse built
Ernest Rutherford born Charles Babbage dies |
| Aubrey Beardsley born
Piet Mondrian born (d. 1944) Wm Heath Robinson born |
1872 |
|
| Sir Edwin Landseer dies
Derby’s first public swimming pool Jules Verne’s “Around the World in 80 Days” |
1873 |
Colour photographs first developed
Horse-drawn tram system opens in Sheffield |
| Levi Strauss patents blue jeans |
1874 |
Barbed wire invented by Joseph Glidden
Caudwell’s Mill built |
| Hans Christian Andersen dies
Samuel Taylor Coleridge born John Buchan born (d.1940 “39 Steps” “Prester John”) Capt Matthew Webb swins the English Channel Bizet’s “Carmen” first performed |
1875 |
Anderton Boat Lift opens
London’s sewer system Excavation begins at |
| Victoria proclaimed Empress of India Mark Twain’s “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”Compulsory school attendance in the UKTitus Salt dies Custer’s Last Stand |
1876 |
Plimsoll Line introduced
Death of Samuel Plimsoll Bell patents the telephone Bissell patents the carpet sweeper |
| Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India |
1877 |
Edison invents the phonograph
Fox Talbot dies |
| John Masefield born
Tchaikovsky’s “Swan Lake” Salvation Army named Gilbert & Sullivan’s “HMS Pinafore” George Gilbert Scott dies |
1878 |
Swan demonstrates the electric lightbulb
Downham Market clock erected Invention of the microphone |
| Bournville construction begun |
1879 |
Albert Einstein born (d.1955)Forth Bridge (railway bridge) construction beginsBlackpool installs the world’s first electric arc street lighting » 1897 |
| George Eliot dies
1st Boer War First cricket Test Match between England and Australia Giles Gilbert Scott born Jacob Epstein (sculptor) born (d.1959) Start of Arts and Crafts
|
1880 |
First street lighting in New York |
| Thomas Carlyle dies (Scottish essayist and historian)
Pablo Picasso born. (d.1973) Mary Seacole dies Ernest Bevin born (d. 1951 WWII politician introduced “Bevin Boys” miners) |
1881 |
Natural History Museum opens in South Kensington, London |
| Eric Gill (sculptor) born (d.1942) |
1882 |
Charles Darwin dies |
| Fitzgerald dies
Edouard Manet (painter) dies Stevenson’s “Treasure Island” Matthew Webb dies |
1883 |
Brighton West Pier extended
First skyscraper built (10 storeys) in Chicago |
| The Great English Earthquake |
1884 |
Gregor Mendel dies
Edwin A Abbott’s “Flatland” Papplewick Pumping Station opens Eugenius Birch dies |
| General Gordon dies at KhartoumGilbert and Sullivan’s “The Mikado” |
1885 |
Louis Pasteur dies |
| Thomas Hardy’s “Mayor of Casterbridge”Statue of Liberty dedicated |
1886 |
Thomas Burrow’s apology
Clarence Birdseye, inventor of the deep-freeze process, born |
| Victoria’s Golden Jubilee LS Lowry born » 1976Wightwick Manor, Wolverhampton builtRupert Brooke born in Rugby, Warwickshire.(d.1915)Sherlock Homes first appears in “A Study in Scarlet” by Arthur Conan Doyle Bloody Sunday (Demonstration in Trafalgar Sq for the release of Irish Nationalist William O’Brien. Dispersed by police) |
1887 |
Esperanto international language invented
Barnes Wallis born in Ripley, Derbyshire. Inventor of the “bouncing bomb” (d.1979) Coal Mines Regulation Act prevents boys under 13 working below ground |
| De Beers Consolidated Mines established at Kimberley, South Africa
Jack the Ripper murders Port Sunlight begun Financial Times first Edward Lear dies |
1888 |
John Boyd Dunlop patents the pneumatic tyre
Electric chair first used in New York George Eastman introduces the Kodak box camera |
| Jerome’s “Three Men in a Boat”
Federal laws introduced in the US to protect the buffalo |
1889 |
Southend Pier built
Paris Exhibition – Eiffel Igor Sikorsky – helicopter pioneer – born |
| Vincent Van Gogh commits suicide Queen Victoria grants Crown Derby the right to add “Royal” to its nameJohn Merrick diesMassacre at Wounded Knee |
1890 |
First moving pictures shown in New York Forth Bridge opens |
| Oscar Wilde publishes “The Portrait of Dorian Gray” | 1891 |
Zips invented |
| Conan Doyle’s “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes”J R R Tolkien born (d. 1973)Walt Whitman diesThomas Cook (Travel agent) diesLiverpool University’s Victoria Building completed |
1892 |
Bridgnorth Funicular Railway opens
John William Alcock born. (d.1919 Alcock and Brown were the first to fly non-stop across the Atlantic – 1919) |
| Beatrix Potter’s “Peter Rabbit”
Edvard Munch’s “The Scream”
Ford Madox Brown dies
New Zealand gives women the vote
Sheffield granted city staus
Wilfred Owen born in Oswestry, Shropshire (d. 1918)
|
1893
|
Henry Ford’s first automobile produced |
| 1894 |
Tower Bridge, London completed
Blackpool Tower opens Marconi’s first radio message |
|
| National Trust founded
H G Wells’s “The Time Machine” |
1895 |
T.H Huxley dies
Rontgen discovers X rays |
| William Morris dies
Daily Mail newspaper founded Kew Gardens employs women gardeners for the first time |
1896 |
Aberystwyth Cliff Railway opensNobel Prizes first announced >> 1901 |
| Tate Gallery opens in London |
1897 |
Blackpool’s first illuminations
Discovery of the electron |
| Edward Burne-Jones dies |
1898 |
Samuel Plimsoll dies
Pierre and Marie Curie discover radium Liverpool University opens the world’s first School of Tropical Medicine UK’s first speeding fine |
|
Noel Coward born (d. 1973) Ernest Hemingway born (d. 1961)
L Frank Baum’s “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz”
Bassett’s Liquorice
Allsorts “invented” Start of Boer War
|
1899 |
Aspirin registered as a trade mark
Brighton Pier opens Electric trams introduced in Sheffield
|